This study aimed to explore the dimensions of legal accessibility for persons with disabilities in public services, focusing on structural, informational, procedural, and attitudinal barriers in the context of Tehran, Iran. A qualitative research design grounded in phenomenological inquiry was employed to capture the lived experiences of persons with disabilities in accessing legal and administrative services. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 participants selected through purposive sampling in Tehran. Data collection continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis with the aid of NVivo software. The analysis proceeded through open, axial, and selective coding, ensuring an inductive approach to theme generation. Trustworthiness was established through peer debriefing, member checking, and triangulation of coding procedures. Thematic analysis yielded four core dimensions of legal accessibility: (1) structural barriers in legal access, including inaccessible physical infrastructure and digital platforms; (2) limited awareness and understanding of legal rights due to poor outreach and legal illiteracy; (3) negative experiences in interactions with legal and administrative bodies, characterized by discrimination, communication breakdowns, and procedural complexity; and (4) enabling factors and recommendations, including the supportive role of advocacy organizations, inclusive policies, and proposed legal reforms. Participants described widespread inaccessibility and institutional distrust, but also highlighted practical solutions and positive institutional practices. Legal accessibility for persons with disabilities in Tehran is constrained by multifaceted and intersecting barriers that limit equal participation in justice and public services. Addressing these challenges requires structural reforms, rights-based education, institutional training, and inclusive policymaking. The findings offer evidence-based insights to inform national disability strategies and promote compliance with the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic warrants an immediate response. Persons with disabilities (PWDs) are one of the most vulnerable populations susceptible to marginalization. While there are existing guidelines in the Philippines that aim to assist their basic needs, a call for inclusivity in policymaking for the COVID-19 response is highly advocated. This paper aims to analyze existing policy guidelines concerning the welfare of PWDs in the country based on several policy domains. Methods: Relevant documents were acquired through extensive search of government and nongovernment websites and news agencies. Literature included memorandums, circulars, and news bulletins in the period between January 2020 to May 2021. This study conducted a framework analysis on policies enacted by the Philippine government during the COVID-19 pandemic concerning PWDs. The framework was divided into eight areas: access to (1) information, (2) healthcare, (3) education, and (4) financial support, (5) protection from infection in residential settings, (6) reasonable accommodation, (7) consideration for disabled people facing multiple exclusions, and (8) inclusion to decision-making process. Results: Fifteen PWD related COVID-19 response documents from the Philippines were reviewed and analyzed. Most policies corresponded to themes related to financial support and reasonable accommodations. Most documents were limited to proposals and suggestions with only a few documents including specific details on how the program will be implemented and monitored. Conclusion: The state has proven its cognizance for PWDs; however, implementation and its impact remain to be seen. The government needs to evaluate these efforts to identify gaps and barriers. A comprehensive national database should be implemented to centralize registration of PWDs, and efforts should be made to inform and educate PWDs of their rights and of existing programs. Most importantly, PWDs should be included in the discourse and decision-making process to ensure programs are acceptable and accessible.

Background and Aim: Human dignity is considered the basis of citizenship rights, which people enjoy as human beings. Today, in the light of the principle of human dignity, we have witnessed the emergence of intellectual procedures toward people with disabilities that have been formed based on the rules of citizenship rights. This study aimed to investigate three components of citizenship rights for the persons with disabilities, including the right to equal opportunities, the right to a job, and the right to education as the most effective citizenship rights to maintain the dignity of people with disabilities in Iran. Methods: This research is a narrative review, and its data collection is a documentary library method from reviewing 20 articles in Persian between 2010 and 2020 in various scientific journals. Furthermore, laws such as the Constitution, the comprehensive law on the protection of the persons with disabilities approved in 2013, the protection of the persons with disabilities approved in 2016, and the laws approved in the field of urban development have been reviewed. Ethical Considerations: The ethical considerations have been respected at all stages of research, including the study and data collection, documentation, and analysis. Results: According to the human dignity of the persons with disabilities, the process of formation, legislation, and the monitoring method of the disabled citizens’,rights are considered as the support requirements and concerns. Conclusion: In terms of rights and substantive guarantees of citizenship legal system, the status quo in the legal system of Iran is unable to provide a basis for equalization of opportunities on the right of city and the right to employment for persons with disability, and the desired situation is yet far to reach easily.